nettles are definitely an ouch! goathead thorns have some kind of irritant on them, so you step on it, the thing punctures your foot because it's hard as a rock, and then it smarts for days. they're sneaky, because they look like a flat mat of green with pretty yellow flowers and then secretly the whole mat is full of thorns. you can't ride a bike anywhere here with out a puncture repair kit because of these things.

the farm was free of them for years (full of horse nettle - solanum eleganafolium, also beautiful and medicinal and poisonous and extremely thorny, but much less likely to reach out and attack you), and then maybe 2-3 years ago goatheads started showing up in odd spots. i think tracked in by the dog.